<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></title><description><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bxvn!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F953dd0eb-2713-4b10-b91e-52d3c1ae6fdf_1280x1280.png</url><title>Claudio Borghi Aquilini</title><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 16:38:05 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[claudioborghiaquilini@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[claudioborghiaquilini@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[claudioborghiaquilini@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[claudioborghiaquilini@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Whose Money Is It?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ours, the EU's, or the European Central Bank's?]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/whose-money-is-it</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/whose-money-is-it</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 06 Jun 2026 22:28:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T0kO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F726c3acf-91be-4576-8fd5-afda4f7e8563_812x484.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T0kO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F726c3acf-91be-4576-8fd5-afda4f7e8563_812x484.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T0kO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F726c3acf-91be-4576-8fd5-afda4f7e8563_812x484.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T0kO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F726c3acf-91be-4576-8fd5-afda4f7e8563_812x484.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T0kO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F726c3acf-91be-4576-8fd5-afda4f7e8563_812x484.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T0kO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F726c3acf-91be-4576-8fd5-afda4f7e8563_812x484.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T0kO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F726c3acf-91be-4576-8fd5-afda4f7e8563_812x484.png" width="684" height="407.70443349753697" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T0kO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F726c3acf-91be-4576-8fd5-afda4f7e8563_812x484.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T0kO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F726c3acf-91be-4576-8fd5-afda4f7e8563_812x484.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T0kO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F726c3acf-91be-4576-8fd5-afda4f7e8563_812x484.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T0kO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F726c3acf-91be-4576-8fd5-afda4f7e8563_812x484.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The &#8220;concession&#8221; by the EU to allow spending equal to 0.3% annually for three years, with a maximum ceiling of 0.6%, to counter rising energy costs is generating the usual confusion, with supposedly authoritative newspapers reviving the story of &#8220;money arriving from the EU.&#8221;</p><p>Let&#8217;s make a few things clear. In this case, not a single cent is coming from the EU&#8230; However, it may be a good opportunity to explain in simple terms whose money a state spends.</p><p><strong>FIRST CASE: TAX REVENUES</strong></p><p>If a State taxes its own citizens, directly or through its territorial subdivisions (and let us remember that this is one of its exclusive prerogatives and one of the symbols of its sovereign power), the matter is straightforward: with one hand it exercises its right to collect money from citizens, and with the other it redistributes the money collected through public spending (pensions, healthcare, public employment). If a State taxes its citizens more than it gives back to them, net of interest payments on public debt, it is said to have a <em>primary surplus.</em> Even this should give you a slight suspicion that boasting about a primary surplus may not be viewed favorably by citizens: in practice, it means telling them they have been sheared a little. On the other hand, the idea of a primary surplus is extremely popular among German euro-bureaucrats or &#8220;frugal&#8221; countries in general, who (mistakenly) believe that anyone spending money is spending their money and therefore view the rest of the world through the eyes of a creditor. Consequently, they see the primary surplus as a way to reduce debt. Unfortunately, this is nonsense, because a primary surplus is always recessionary, and in many cases, one risks obtaining the opposite effect: instead of reducing debt, the contraction of GDP caused by fiscal tightening makes that same debt less sustainable. This was, for example, the case with the fiscal consolidation initiated by Monti (IMU and the Fornero Reform), continued by Letta (VAT increase), and concluded by Renzi (bank bail-ins). The result? 12 quarters of recession.</p><p><strong>SECOND CASE: THE DEFICIT</strong></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Di Chi Sono i Soldi? ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Nostri, dell'Ue o della Banca Centrale Europea?]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/di-chi-sono-i-soldi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/di-chi-sono-i-soldi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 06 Jun 2026 08:36:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YDyX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YDyX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YDyX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YDyX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YDyX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YDyX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YDyX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png" width="574" height="342.13793103448273" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:484,&quot;width&quot;:812,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:574,&quot;bytes&quot;:617676,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/i/200817300?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YDyX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YDyX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YDyX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YDyX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d05cd0-b21f-4458-9b9c-bdb8e98ef814_812x484.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>La &#8220;concessione&#8221; da parte dell&#8217;UE per una spesa pari allo 0,3% annuo per tre anni con tetto massimo dello 0,6% per contrastare il caro energia sta ingenerando la solita confusione, con giornali in teoria autorevoli che rilanciano la storia dei &#8220;soldi in arrivo dall&#8217;UE.&#8221;</p><p>Mettiamo in chiaro un po&#8217; le cose. Dall&#8217;UE, in questo caso, non arriva un centesimo... Pu&#242; per&#242; essere una buona occasione per spiegare in modo semplice di chi sono i soldi che uno Stato spende.  </p><p><strong>PRIMO CASO: I SOLDI DELLE TASSE</strong></p><p>Se uno Stato tassa i propri cittadini, direttamente o per mezzo delle sue unit&#224; territoriali (e ricordiamo che questa &#232; una sua prerogativa esclusiva e uno dei simboli del proprio potere sovrano), il discorso &#232; facile: con una mano esercita il proprio diritto di prelievo del denaro dei cittadini, con l&#8217;altra si ridistribuisce il denaro prelevato attraverso la spesa pubblica (pensioni, sanit&#224;, pubblico impiego). Se uno Stato tassa i cittadini di pi&#249; di quello che gli restituisce, al netto della spesa per interessi sul debito pubblico, si dice che &#232; in<em> avanzo primario.</em> Gi&#224; cos&#236; dovrebbe venirvi il lieve sospetto che vantarsi dell&#8217;avanzo primario sia un po&#8217; malvisto dai cittadini: in pratica si sta dicendo loro che sono stati un po&#8217; tosati. In compenso la storia dell&#8217;avanzo primario piace tantissimo a euroburocrati tedeschi o &#8220;frugali&#8221; in genere, convinti (a torto) che chiunque spenda soldi stia spendendo i loro soldi e quindi vede il resto del mondo con gli occhi del creditore. Pertanto costoro vedono nell&#8217;avanzo primario un modo di ridurre il debito. Peccato per&#242; che ci&#242; sia una sciocchezza, perch&#233; l&#8217;avanzo primario &#232; sempre recessivo e in molti casi si rischia di ottenere l&#8217;effetto opposto, vale a dire che, invece di ridurre il debito, la contrazione del PIL ottenuta dalla stretta fiscale rende quello stesso debito meno sostenibile. &#200; stato ad esempio il caso del consolidamento fiscale innescato da Monti (IMU e Legge Fornero), proseguito da Letta (IVA) e terminato da Renzi (Bail-in bancario). Risultato? 12 trimestri di recessione.</p><p><strong>SECONDO CASO: DEFICIT</strong></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The SAFE Funds for EU Defenses]]></title><description><![CDATA[Should we trust them?]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/the-safe-funds-for-eu-defenses</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/the-safe-funds-for-eu-defenses</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 02 Jun 2026 17:42:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CxUt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7832a284-eaf1-4a3e-9049-2cdf3f14495b_1186x439.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CxUt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7832a284-eaf1-4a3e-9049-2cdf3f14495b_1186x439.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CxUt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7832a284-eaf1-4a3e-9049-2cdf3f14495b_1186x439.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CxUt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7832a284-eaf1-4a3e-9049-2cdf3f14495b_1186x439.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CxUt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7832a284-eaf1-4a3e-9049-2cdf3f14495b_1186x439.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CxUt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7832a284-eaf1-4a3e-9049-2cdf3f14495b_1186x439.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CxUt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7832a284-eaf1-4a3e-9049-2cdf3f14495b_1186x439.jpeg" width="1186" height="439" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CxUt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7832a284-eaf1-4a3e-9049-2cdf3f14495b_1186x439.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CxUt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7832a284-eaf1-4a3e-9049-2cdf3f14495b_1186x439.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CxUt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7832a284-eaf1-4a3e-9049-2cdf3f14495b_1186x439.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CxUt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7832a284-eaf1-4a3e-9049-2cdf3f14495b_1186x439.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Governments have, for many years now, fallen into a bad habit: they make even highly significant commitments without consulting Parliament. Unfortunately, this government is no exception to what has now become the norm. Measures are approved through the European Council, or worse, through simple meetings of COREPER (its main body), where &#8220;ambassadors&#8221; sign off on things &#8220;on behalf of everyone&#8221; without Parliament ever having expressed an opinion, not only through a vote, but not even through a resolution or at least a briefing in the committee.</p><p>As a result, I find myself in a situation where &#8220;the government,&#8221; without decrees or any written act whatsoever, gives the green light to &#8220;minor matters&#8221; such as the Mercosur agreement to open free trade with South America, or the &#8364;90 billion loan in favor of Ukraine, or support for Martina&#8217;s (PD) candidacy for the FAO, or Italy&#8217;s participation in the governing board of the WHO, when, as far as the League is concerned, we should not be joining any position within the WHO but rather leaving it. Fortunately, for some of these issues, there was at least a vote in the European Parliament, allowing my League colleagues to vote against them (and I thank them for that), sometimes decisively, as was the case with the referral of Mercosur to the Court of Justice.</p><p>But I sit in the Italian Senate, and I would like to have my say.</p><p>The next &#8220;small matter&#8221; to be pushed through over Parliament&#8217;s head could be participation in the SAFE funds, essentially a <strong>defense version of the</strong> PNRR.</p><p>I have tried in every way, publicly and privately, to obtain detailed information about the conditions attached to SAFE loans so that I can assess whether they are advantageous or not, with little success. So be it, I suppose I will have to resort to parliamentary questions. But before submitting questions, since I am fairly capable in Italian, let&#8217;s write this post instead. Perhaps someone will decide to change course.</p>
      <p>
          <a href="https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/the-safe-funds-for-eu-defenses">
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[I fondi SAFE per la Difesa UE]]></title><description><![CDATA[C'&#232; da fidarsi?]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/i-fondi-safe-per-la-difesa-ue</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/i-fondi-safe-per-la-difesa-ue</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 02 Jun 2026 12:26:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KeBi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb184859d-6313-467e-bb90-705bb699e3dd_1186x439.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KeBi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb184859d-6313-467e-bb90-705bb699e3dd_1186x439.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KeBi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb184859d-6313-467e-bb90-705bb699e3dd_1186x439.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KeBi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb184859d-6313-467e-bb90-705bb699e3dd_1186x439.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KeBi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb184859d-6313-467e-bb90-705bb699e3dd_1186x439.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KeBi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb184859d-6313-467e-bb90-705bb699e3dd_1186x439.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KeBi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb184859d-6313-467e-bb90-705bb699e3dd_1186x439.jpeg" width="1186" height="439" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KeBi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb184859d-6313-467e-bb90-705bb699e3dd_1186x439.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KeBi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb184859d-6313-467e-bb90-705bb699e3dd_1186x439.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KeBi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb184859d-6313-467e-bb90-705bb699e3dd_1186x439.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KeBi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb184859d-6313-467e-bb90-705bb699e3dd_1186x439.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I Governi hanno iniziato ormai da molti anni a conformarsi a una pessima abitudine: prendono impegni anche molto rilevanti senza confrontarsi con il Parlamento. Purtroppo anche questo Governo non fa eccezione a quella che ormai &#232; diventata una regola e i provvedimenti vengono approvati non si sa come e non si sa perch&#233; via Consiglio Europeo, o peggio, da semplici riunioni del COREPER (il suo principale organo) con gli &#8220;ambasciatori&#8221; che firmano cose &#8220;a nome di tutti&#8221; senza che il Parlamento si sia mai espresso, non solo con un voto, ma nemmeno con una qualche risoluzione o almeno un&#8217;informativa in commissione.</p><p>Cos&#236; io mi ritrovo con &#8220;il Governo&#8221; che senza decreti, senza nulla di scritto, d&#224; il via libera a &#8220;cosucce&#8221; tipo il Mercosur per aprire il libero commercio con il Sudamerica, oppure il prestito di 90 miliardi a favore dell&#8217;Ucraina o l&#8217;appoggio dell&#8217;Italia alla candidatura di Martina (PD) alla FAO o di entrare nel board di direzione dell&#8217;OMS quando, per quanto riguarda la Lega, dall&#8217;OMS non ci sarebbe da entrare in nulla ma se mai uscire. Fortunatamente, per alcune di queste situazioni si &#232; votato almeno in Parlamento Europeo, dando modo ai colleghi del gruppo Lega di votare contro (e per questo li ringrazio), a volte in modo decisivo, come &#232; stato il caso del rinvio del Mercosur alla Corte di Giustizia...</p><p>Per&#242; io sono al Senato e gradirei dire la mia.</p><p>La prossima &#8220;piccola faccenda&#8221; pluriennale a passare sopra la testa del Parlamento potrebbe essere l&#8217;adesione ai fondi SAFE, ovvero il PNRR <strong>del razzo.</strong></p><p>Ho provato in tutti i modi, pubblici e privati, a dire che vorrei avere il dettaglio delle condizioni dei prestiti SAFE per valutare se ci convengano o meno, con scarso successo. E va b&#233;, vorr&#224; dire che dovr&#242; partire con le interrogazioni... Ma prima di interrogare, dato che in Italiano me la cavavo, facciamo il tema, ovvero questo post, cos&#236; chiss&#224; mai che qualcuno decida di cambiare registro.</p>
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          <a href="https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/i-fondi-safe-per-la-difesa-ue">
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Blackmailocracy ]]></title><description><![CDATA[What the EU represents, in case you hadn't noticed]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/blackmailocracy</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/blackmailocracy</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2026 11:17:26 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmP2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6761f083-3edb-4d05-b9a3-64a302650823_1398x932.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmP2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6761f083-3edb-4d05-b9a3-64a302650823_1398x932.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmP2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6761f083-3edb-4d05-b9a3-64a302650823_1398x932.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmP2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6761f083-3edb-4d05-b9a3-64a302650823_1398x932.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmP2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6761f083-3edb-4d05-b9a3-64a302650823_1398x932.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I arrived in Budapest on March 23 for a convention of the Patriots for Europe group in support of Viktor Orb&#225;n ahead of elections that were expected to be difficult. What struck me was the orderliness, the cleanliness... But there was objectively also a sense of fatigue. I spoke with a number of people, from taxi drivers to Fidesz MPs, Orb&#225;n&#8217;s party, and everything seemed clear to me: Orb&#225;n was going to lose.</p><p>The reason was simple: the economy. Things were not yet bad, but compared to the past, they had clearly worsened: more inflation, less state support. People would quietly say that corruption was probably to blame and that, after all, Orb&#225;n&#8217;s challenger, Peter Magyar, had promised to pursue the same policies as Orb&#225;n but without corruption and with more support from the EU.</p><p>We all saw what happened in the election: the man who was constantly described as a &#8220;dictator&#8221; and an &#8220;autocrat&#8221; did something rather unusual; he held free elections, lost, and immediately stepped aside.</p><p>So, is everything normal?</p><p><strong>No, everything is not normal. </strong></p><p>In a concerning conference from a grand podium in Brussels last Friday, President von der Leyen and the new Prime Minister Magyar staged the best possible demonstration of the true nature of the EU: a concentration of power based on blackmail, a dystopian criminal enterprise that uses the enormous resources provided by member states (including the substantial contribution Italy pays every year) to trample the most basic rules of democracy and perpetuate its own power.</p><p>The two new friends announced that Hungary had finally &#8220;implemented the reforms&#8221; (in two weeks?) and therefore, now being free of corruption (which corruption exactly?), the EU had released &#8364;16 billion (<strong>sixteen billion euros</strong>), which would be placed into the spotless little hands of the kind Magyar.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rgh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feefbb7a1-5b31-4180-a89e-7cf15b2ea5d2_1440x1791.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rgh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feefbb7a1-5b31-4180-a89e-7cf15b2ea5d2_1440x1791.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rgh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feefbb7a1-5b31-4180-a89e-7cf15b2ea5d2_1440x1791.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rgh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feefbb7a1-5b31-4180-a89e-7cf15b2ea5d2_1440x1791.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rgh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feefbb7a1-5b31-4180-a89e-7cf15b2ea5d2_1440x1791.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rgh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feefbb7a1-5b31-4180-a89e-7cf15b2ea5d2_1440x1791.jpeg" width="359" height="446.50625" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eefbb7a1-5b31-4180-a89e-7cf15b2ea5d2_1440x1791.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1791,&quot;width&quot;:1440,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:359,&quot;bytes&quot;:267178,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/i/199964507?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feefbb7a1-5b31-4180-a89e-7cf15b2ea5d2_1440x1791.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rgh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feefbb7a1-5b31-4180-a89e-7cf15b2ea5d2_1440x1791.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rgh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feefbb7a1-5b31-4180-a89e-7cf15b2ea5d2_1440x1791.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rgh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feefbb7a1-5b31-4180-a89e-7cf15b2ea5d2_1440x1791.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rgh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feefbb7a1-5b31-4180-a89e-7cf15b2ea5d2_1440x1791.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Now, I realize that even &#8364;16 would be a disgrace in principle, but it is always worth putting the <em>real data</em> into context and remembering that Hungary&#8217;s GDP is about $270 billion, while Italy&#8217;s is about $2.35 trillion. By a simple proportion, we can understand that the amount previously withheld by the EU and now &#8220;unlocked&#8221; for Hungary is equivalent, for Italy, to about &#8364;165 billion. An enormous sum. An amount that could practically eliminate income tax for everyone for a year or increase all pensions by 60% for a year. Of course, this is also our money because the EU does not &#8220;print&#8221; money; everything it spends must sooner or later be recovered from member states through its budget, and Italy has historically been a net contributor.</p><p>Do you now understand why things in Hungary were not going as well as usual? Simply because the EU withheld this immense amount relative to the country&#8217;s size compared to normal disbursements (Hungary, like all Eastern European states, has always been a net recipient of EU funds), and the objective was evidently only one: to get rid of the inconvenient Hungarian Prime Minister, who dared to challenge the prevailing pro-EU orthodoxy. A deliberate strangulation of Budapest&#8217;s economy until Hungarians voted for what was <strong>right, according to the EU</strong>.</p><p>This is not a democracy. This is <strong>blackmail</strong>. Pure and simple blackmail.</p><p>Once the head of the &#8220;dictator,&#8221; who had until then been democratically elected, was delivered, the payoff (with <strong>our</strong> money) could be handed over in front of the cameras to the new vassal, and European money would once again flow along the Danube into Hungary&#8217;s streets. After a long hunger strike, even the proudest dog accepts the chain in exchange for a bowl of food.</p><p>Of course, this is not the first time, and we Italians know something about it. Do you remember Merkel&#8217;s and the now-imprisoned Sarkozy&#8217;s smirks? In that case, the weapon of blackmail was the bond spread. The ECB (under Draghi) refused to do its job; namely, intervening in the government bond market, until the democratically elected &#8220;dictator,&#8221; Silvio Berlusconi, stepped aside to make way for the EU&#8217;s vassal, Mario Monti, whose task was to squeeze the country for the money needed to contribute &#8364;50 billion to the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) and the bailout funds. The EU&#8217;s stated purpose was to &#8220;save Greece&#8221;. By that, of course, they meant its creditors, namely German and French banks. Yes, you understood correctly. Once the multibillion-euro tribute had been paid, Draghi was free to pronounce his famous speech &#8220;whatever it takes,&#8221; and the spread disappeared. As usual, Italy had paid for everyone.</p><p>Speaking of Greece, it may be worth recalling its case, when an unprepared government led by the unusual (but democratically elected) duo Tsipras and Varoufakis was brought to its knees through a sham referendum held in an apocalyptic scenario, with banks closed for a month (again thanks to the ever-reliable enforcer Draghi), culminating in the EU&#8217;s blatant dismissal of the referendum result itself, in which Greek citizens had proudly voted &#8220;No&#8221; on whether to accept the bailout conditions, despite everything.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UOed!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95fb1353-524b-4c34-8fa6-ce39c1ec0b77_1209x960.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UOed!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95fb1353-524b-4c34-8fa6-ce39c1ec0b77_1209x960.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UOed!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95fb1353-524b-4c34-8fa6-ce39c1ec0b77_1209x960.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UOed!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95fb1353-524b-4c34-8fa6-ce39c1ec0b77_1209x960.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UOed!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95fb1353-524b-4c34-8fa6-ce39c1ec0b77_1209x960.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UOed!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95fb1353-524b-4c34-8fa6-ce39c1ec0b77_1209x960.jpeg" width="458" height="363.67245657568236" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UOed!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95fb1353-524b-4c34-8fa6-ce39c1ec0b77_1209x960.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UOed!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95fb1353-524b-4c34-8fa6-ce39c1ec0b77_1209x960.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UOed!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95fb1353-524b-4c34-8fa6-ce39c1ec0b77_1209x960.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UOed!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95fb1353-524b-4c34-8fa6-ce39c1ec0b77_1209x960.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Who cares about your vote? Here, people do not vote; they are blackmailed.</p><p>Welcome to the European Union of Blackmail.</p><p>Are you comfortable living in a place like this? I am not. I will fight for democracy (and therefore against the EU) until I regain my freedom, and our freedom.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/blackmailocracy?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/blackmailocracy?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Ricattocrazia]]></title><description><![CDATA[Cos&#8217;&#232; l'UE se non l&#8217;aveste ancora capito]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/ricattocrazia</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/ricattocrazia</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2026 10:31:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rThL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9929470c-9ce1-4061-9b07-0d056ffc711f_1398x932.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rThL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9929470c-9ce1-4061-9b07-0d056ffc711f_1398x932.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rThL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9929470c-9ce1-4061-9b07-0d056ffc711f_1398x932.jpeg 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stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Arrivo a Budapest il 23 Marzo per una convention del gruppo dei Patriots for Europe in sostegno a Orban prima di elezioni che si presentavano difficili. Mi colpisce l&#8217;ordine, la pulizia... Ma c&#8217;era oggettivamente un senso di stanchezza. Parlo con un po&#8217; di gente, dal tassista fino ai deputati di Fidesz, il partito di Orban, e tutto mi appare chiaro: Orban avrebbe perso.</p><p>Il motivo era semplice: l&#8217;economia. Le cose non andavano ancora male ma rispetto al passato tutto era decisamente peggiorato, pi&#249; inflazione, meno aiuti dallo Stato. La gente un po&#8217; a mezza bocca diceva che probabilmente la colpa era della corruzione e che in fondo lo sfidante Magyar aveva promesso di fare le stesse politiche di Orban ma senza corruzione e con pi&#249; aiuto dalla UE.</p><p>Come &#232; andata alle elezioni lo abbiamo visto tutti: quello che veniva definito come un &#8220;dittatore&#8221; e un &#8220;autocrate&#8221; ha fatto una cosa piuttosto bizzarra per essere un dittatore: ha tenuto libere ,elezioni, ha perso e si &#232; immediatamente fatto da parte.</p><p>Tutto normale quindi? </p><p><strong>No, non &#232; tutto normale. </strong></p><p>In una a dir poco preoccupante conferenza da un bel podio a Bruxelles, lo scorso venerd&#236; la presidente Von der Leyen e il neopremier Magyar hanno messo in scena la migliore rappresentazione della vera natura della UE, ovvero un grumo di potere basato sul ricatto, una distopica associazione a delinquere che usa gli enormi mezzi messi a disposizione dagli stati membri (fra cui spicca la quota pagata ogni anno dall&#8217;Italia) per fare scempio delle pi&#249; basilari regole della democrazia e perpetuare il proprio potere.</p><p>I due nuovi amici hanno infatti annunciato che finalmente l&#8217;Ungheria &#8220;ha fatto le riforme&#8221; (in due settimane?) e quindi essendo ormai libera dalla corruzione (quale? cosa?) la UE ha sbloccato 16 miliardi di Euro (<strong>sedici miliardi</strong>) che verranno versati nelle manine immacolate del gentile Peter Magyar.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gibt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8693b772-44b0-46c5-ae0a-c249fdd644e2_1440x1791.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gibt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8693b772-44b0-46c5-ae0a-c249fdd644e2_1440x1791.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gibt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8693b772-44b0-46c5-ae0a-c249fdd644e2_1440x1791.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gibt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8693b772-44b0-46c5-ae0a-c249fdd644e2_1440x1791.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gibt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8693b772-44b0-46c5-ae0a-c249fdd644e2_1440x1791.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ora, mi rendo conto che per principio anche solo 16 euro sarebbero una vergogna, ma vale sempre la pena di contestualizzare i <em>veri dati</em> e ricordare che il PIL dell&#8217;Ungheria &#232; di 270 miliardi di dollari mentre quello dell&#8217;Italia &#232; di 2350 miliardi, quindi facendo una semplice proporzione possiamo renderci conto che la cifra prima sequestrata dalla UE e adesso &#8220;sbloccata&#8221; a favore dell&#8217;Ungheria si tratta di una somma equivalente per l&#8217;Italia a 165 <strong>miliardi di euro</strong>. Un&#8217;enormit&#224;. Una cifra che consentirebbe di azzerare praticamente l&#8217;irpef a <strong>tutti</strong> per un anno o di aumentare sempre per un anno tutte le pensioni del 60%. Ovviamente si tratta di soldi anche nostri perch&#233; l&#8217;UE non &#8220;stampa&#8221; soldi, tutto quello che spende lo deve prima o poi recuperare dagli stati membri per il proprio bilancio, di cui l&#8217;Italia &#232; storicamente contributore netto. </p><p>Capite adesso perch&#233; le cose in Ungheria andavano meno bene del solito? Semplicemente perch&#233; l&#8217;UE ha trattenuto questa cifra immensa per le dimensioni del paese rispetto alle normali erogazioni (l&#8217;Ungheria, come tutti gli Stati dell&#8217;Est Europa, &#232; sempre stata percettore netto di fondi UE) e l&#8217;obiettivo era evidentemente uno solo: sbarazzarsi dello scomodo Premier ungherese, che aveva l&#8217;ardire di andare contro il pensiero unico eurista. Uno strangolamento consapevole dell&#8217;economia di Budapest fino a quando non avessero votato quello che era <strong>giusto per l&#8217;UE</strong>.</p><p>Questa a casa mia non &#232; democrazia. Questo &#232; <strong>ricatto</strong>. Puro e semplice ricatto.</p><p>Una volta presentata la testa del &#8220;dittatore&#8221; finora democraticamente eletto, ecco che la mazzetta (con i <strong>nostri</strong> soldi) pu&#242; essere pagata in favore di telecamere al nuovo vassallo e il denaro europeo torner&#224; a fluire lungo il Danubio fino alle strade ungheresi. Dopo lunghi giorni di digiuno anche il cane pi&#249; fiero accetta la catena pur di avere la ciotola.</p><p>Ovviamente non &#232; la prima volta e noi Italiani ne sappiamo qualcosa. Vi ricordate le risatine di Merkel e dell&#8217;attuale recluso Sarkozy? In quel caso l&#8217;arma di ricatto era lo spread. La BCE (di Draghi) che si rifiuta di fare il suo lavoro, ovvero di intervenire sul mercato dei titoli di Stato, fino a che il &#8220;dittatore&#8221; democraticamente eletto, ovvero Silvio Berlusconi, non si fosse levato di mezzo per lasciare il posto al vassallo dell&#8217;UE, cio&#232; Mario Monti, con l&#8217;incarico di strangolare il paese per spremergli i soldi necessari per versare i 50 miliardi al Meccanismo Europeo di Stabilit&#224; (il MES) e ai fondi salvastati. Lo scopo dichiarato dall&#8217;UE era &#8220;salvare la Grecia&#8221;, ovvero i suoi creditori, ovvero le banche tedesche e francesi. S&#236;, avete capito bene. Una volta pagato il pizzo miliardario, ecco che l&#8217;esecutore Draghi &#232; stato libero di pronunciare il suo fatidico &#8220;whatever it takes&#8221; e addio spread. L&#8217;Italia aveva come al solito pagato per tutti.</p><p>A proposito di Grecia forse vale la pena di ricordare il suo caso, quando un impreparato Governo guidato dalla strana (ma democraticamente eletta) coppia Tsipras e Varoufakis venne messo in ginocchio con un referendum farsa, tenutosi in uno scenario apocalittico con le banche chiuse da un mese (sempre grazie al fido esecutore Draghi), con la beffa finale del plateale sputo della UE sul risultato del referendum medesimo, in cui i cittadini greci avevano orgogliosamente e nonostante tutto votato no alle condizioni per il &#8220;bailout.&#8221;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!64Xz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb31ee4f4-4859-4158-9b15-8ac75267222d_1209x960.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Chi se ne frega del vostro voto. Qui non si vota, qui si ricatta.</p><p>Benvenuti nell&#8217;Unione Europea del Ricatto.</p><p>A voi va bene stare in un posto del genere? A me <strong>no</strong>. Combatter&#242; per la democrazia (e quindi contro l&#8217;UE) finch&#233; non riavr&#242; la mia e la nostra libert&#224;.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/ricattocrazia?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/ricattocrazia?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[When Polls Deny Reality ]]></title><description><![CDATA[We have an issue with political polls in Italy]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/when-polls-deny-reality</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/when-polls-deny-reality</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 30 May 2026 15:14:02 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Mg2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c2cf7bf-68bd-4b9d-9433-b2b769c7c998_1440x769.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Mg2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c2cf7bf-68bd-4b9d-9433-b2b769c7c998_1440x769.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Mg2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c2cf7bf-68bd-4b9d-9433-b2b769c7c998_1440x769.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Mg2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c2cf7bf-68bd-4b9d-9433-b2b769c7c998_1440x769.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Mg2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c2cf7bf-68bd-4b9d-9433-b2b769c7c998_1440x769.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Mg2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c2cf7bf-68bd-4b9d-9433-b2b769c7c998_1440x769.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Mg2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c2cf7bf-68bd-4b9d-9433-b2b769c7c998_1440x769.jpeg" width="1440" height="769" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Mg2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c2cf7bf-68bd-4b9d-9433-b2b769c7c998_1440x769.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Mg2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c2cf7bf-68bd-4b9d-9433-b2b769c7c998_1440x769.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Mg2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c2cf7bf-68bd-4b9d-9433-b2b769c7c998_1440x769.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Mg2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c2cf7bf-68bd-4b9d-9433-b2b769c7c998_1440x769.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Every week, at least five different weekly election poll updates are being discussed. Long evenings on television with hosts and commentators debating the 0.1% rise of one party versus the &#8220;collapse&#8221; of another by 0.2%...</p><p>Then the elections arrive, and reality often looks completely different.</p><p>No problem! The data is reset, and everyone starts again from the actual result as if nothing had happened.</p><p>Leader X holds a press conference? +0.1% encouragement. Leader Y makes a gaffe? -0.1% punishment.</p><p>The whole thing is dramatically disconnected from reality.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWqe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc66c1870-d2f3-4792-8f29-08de40e6f6df_833x752.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWqe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc66c1870-d2f3-4792-8f29-08de40e6f6df_833x752.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CWqe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc66c1870-d2f3-4792-8f29-08de40e6f6df_833x752.jpeg 848w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>So I decided to do something that never seems to be fashionable in a world where narratives prevail over facts: look at the <em>actual data. </em></p><p>I did something very simple. First, before statisticians start raising objections, let me say that I am fully aware of the methodological inaccuracies, biases, and limitations. But that is not the point here. I am not trying to capture every detail; I simply want to see whether there is an elephant in the room. Later, we can discuss whether that elephant is small, large, white, gray, with tusks or without.</p><p>I therefore took the results of the three governing coalition parties (Brothers of Italy, the League, and Forza Italia) from a sample of fifteen cities that recently voted. I built the sample by selecting the largest municipalities by population and integrating them with other medium-to-large municipalities to create a sample that was as geographically representative of Italy as possible.</p><p>I compared the percentage of votes obtained in 2020 with the percentages obtained in the elections that have just concluded.</p>
      <p>
          <a href="https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/when-polls-deny-reality">
              Read more
          </a>
      </p>
   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Quando i Sondaggi Negano la Realtà]]></title><description><![CDATA[In Italia abbiamo un problema con i sondaggi politici]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/quando-i-sondaggi-negano-la-realta</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/quando-i-sondaggi-negano-la-realta</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 19:03:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uWTP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uWTP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uWTP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uWTP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uWTP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uWTP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uWTP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg" width="1440" height="769" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:769,&quot;width&quot;:1440,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:540673,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/i/199780717?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uWTP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uWTP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uWTP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uWTP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57355983-9fc5-42fd-a581-c215db2a96bc_1440x769.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" 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Lunghe serate in televisione con conduttori e opinionisti a disquisire sulla crescita dello 0,1% di un certo partito rispetto al &#8220;crollo&#8221; dello 0,2% di un altro... Poi per&#242; arrivano le elezioni e la realt&#224; spesso appare del tutto diversa.</p><p>Nessun problema! Si resettano i dati e si riparte dal dato reale come se nulla fosse successo.</p><p>Il leader tizio fa una conferenza stampa? +0,1% di incoraggiamento. Il leader Caio fa una gaffe? -0,1% in castigo.</p><p>Il tutto &#232; drammaticamente scollegato dalla realt&#224;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXeh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ea2ff7a-99d7-4bcb-afd9-708cb888d791_833x752.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXeh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ea2ff7a-99d7-4bcb-afd9-708cb888d791_833x752.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXeh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ea2ff7a-99d7-4bcb-afd9-708cb888d791_833x752.jpeg 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s7UU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf568b5-bf3e-44ad-bc72-a6b18d175e07_1440x1366.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s7UU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf568b5-bf3e-44ad-bc72-a6b18d175e07_1440x1366.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s7UU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf568b5-bf3e-44ad-bc72-a6b18d175e07_1440x1366.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s7UU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9bf568b5-bf3e-44ad-bc72-a6b18d175e07_1440x1366.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div 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stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Allora ho provato a fare una cosa che, nel mondo della narrazione che vince sui fatti, non va mai di moda, ovvero guardare<em> i veri dati.</em></p><p>Ho fatto una cosa molto semplice. Ah... prima che gli statistici storcano il naso, premetto che sono del tutto consapevole delle inesattezze di metodo, dei bias e delle parzialit&#224;, ma non mi interessa qui catturare il dettaglio, vorrei semplicemente vedere se c&#8217;&#232; un elefante nella stanza. Poi avremo tempo di discutere se questo elefante &#232; piccolo, grande, bianco, grigio, con o senza zanne. Ho quindi preso i risultati dei tre partiti di maggioranza (FdI, Lega e FI) per un paniere di quindici citt&#224; che sono andate al voto, l&#8217;ho composto prendendo i principali comuni per numero di abitanti integrati con altri comuni di dimensione medio-grande per dare un campione quanto pi&#249; possibile diffuso su tutta l&#8217;Italia. Ho messo a confronto le % di voto ottenute nel 2020 con quelle ottenute nelle elezioni appena concluse.</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[What if Demographic Decline Weren't an Issue? ]]></title><description><![CDATA[The relative debt for new generations]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/what-if-demographic-decline-werent</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/what-if-demographic-decline-werent</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 18:27:42 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LCyH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LCyH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LCyH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LCyH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LCyH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LCyH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LCyH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png" width="658" height="450.2105263157895" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:832,&quot;width&quot;:1216,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:658,&quot;bytes&quot;:264907,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/i/199240971?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LCyH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LCyH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LCyH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LCyH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3e13dd6-dfd7-4646-8356-ebf2a2796cfb_1216x832.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The issue of demographic decline is often portrayed as a &#8220;doomsday scenario,&#8221; but what if it were actually analogous to public debt? What if the two great bogeymen of the past century did not really exist? What if rising debt and declining birth rates were simply two sides of the same coin, painted as enormous problems only to steer the herd toward a solution that benefits someone else rather than serving the purpose we are told they do?    </p><p>Let us begin with public debt, often described as &#8220;a burden on future generations,&#8221; and already from this expression, one can see how the two issues are interconnected. As I have explained many times, public debt becomes a problem only if it is denominated in a currency that the state does not control. Argentina borrowed in dollars and therefore had to repay dollars; but if it lacked dollars, it could only sell its own currency to buy them on the market, thereby devaluing its currency and creating inflation (because imports become more expensive), without possessing manufactured goods capable of benefiting from the devaluation. The result? Recurring default. Then there is the case of Greece: the debt is in your own currency, but if your central bank does not buy your bonds, who would want debt securities backed by nothing? Result: default.</p><p>If, however, a state controls its own central bank, why should debt ever be a problem? The state can never run out of money to repay its debt for the simple reason that it can &#8220;print&#8221; it, even if nowadays no physical printing is required and &#8220;a click is enough.&#8221; Moreover, during the years of quantitative easing (that is, massive debt purchases by central banks), we saw that such operations do not create inflation, for the simple reason that they do not create wealth. The state merely replaces an interest-bearing asset with another asset of equal value that pays no coupon. During the years in which central banks were &#8220;printing&#8221; trillions to repurchase debt securities, much of the world was actually experiencing deflation. Once debt has been repurchased by the state, it can simply be cancelled without any visible consequence. If the Bank of Japan were tomorrow to erase all the public debt it holds without announcing it publicly, no one would notice. The state would simply net out a position in which it is a creditor with its right hand (the central bank) and a debtor with its left hand (the treasury), with absolutely no impact on the real economy.</p><p>Therefore, debt denominated in one&#8217;s own currency is <strong>not</strong> a problem, unless you are a member state of the European Union, where you depend on the moods of whichever Draghi or Lagarde happens to be in charge.</p><p>Debt is not a problem, and austerity as a solution to this non-problem is itself a non-solution (as we saw with Monti, austerity actually increases the debt-to-GDP ratio) that clearly benefits someone.</p><p>And if debt is not a problem, then it is not a burden on future generations either.</p><p>Now let us turn to declining birth rates. Conventional wisdom says this is a problem because, &#8220;if things continue this way,&#8221; there will no longer be enough workers and, without workers, who will pay pensions for the many elderly?</p><p>It sounds convincing, but let us think about it for a moment.</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[A Secret Mission: Securing Gold ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Year 2018, Office of the Chairman of the Budget Committee: The illusion of power]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/a-secret-mission-securing-gold</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/a-secret-mission-securing-gold</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 18:24:02 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EX6w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EX6w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EX6w!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EX6w!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EX6w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EX6w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EX6w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg" width="1044" height="440" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:440,&quot;width&quot;:1044,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:36382,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/i/199240470?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EX6w!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EX6w!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EX6w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EX6w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d6d25b5-b205-4fee-bb01-87edbd4117bb_1044x440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The Fifth Budget Committee of the Chamber of Deputies is one of the key nerve centers of Parliament. Everything passes through it, because every bill must receive the Budget Committee&#8217;s approval. I had become its chairman almost as soon as I entered Parliament, something that could only happen thanks to the unprecedented oddity of the 18th Legislature, which began under the League&#8211;Five Star Movement government. The prestige of the role was reflected in the beauty of the office: a corner position inside the Montecitorio Palace, a desk set between enormous windows flooding the room with dazzling light, a meeting table, a sitting area for institutional meetings, antique paintings on the walls, and the incredible privilege of a private bathroom, the only office that had one.</p><p>First order of business: get rid of the antique paintings and find some modern art instead. I found a masterpiece by Gianni Dova in the office of Carla Ruocco, a historic Five Star Movement figure who had become chair of the Finance Committee, and immediately traded it for one of the landscapes hanging in my office, claiming it depicted a view of Naples. Then I discovered, in the inventory of the Farnesina Collection, a large work by Carlo Benvenuto, my favorite contemporary artist, and had it transferred to my office. Perfect. Staff hired: my assistant from the Tuscany Regional Council took over the secretariat; for junior secretary, a promising recent graduate recommended by professors from my old degree course at the Catholic University; and Dottor Barbieri, recruited from the online community, became legislative adviser.</p><p>Now we could really begin.</p><p>Where do you start? With the Bank of Italy, of course.</p><p>Like the complete novice I was, I understood nothing. I didn&#8217;t know how to move, I didn&#8217;t know the etiquette or protocol, and above all, I hadn&#8217;t yet understood that a first-term MP, even if chairman of the Fifth Budget Committee, counts for absolutely nothing. But since I didn&#8217;t know that, I simply didn&#8217;t care, and I told my assistant to notify the Bank of Italy that I would be coming to speak with them. Appointment scheduled. Off we went.</p><p>Yes indeed, the Committee Chairman gets a blue official car, and aboard a fairly decent Passat I arrived in the courtyard of Via Nazionale 91, where a puzzled ceremonial officer waited for me to step out of the vehicle like a visiting head of state before inviting me to follow her through the magnificent rooms of Palazzo Koch. I probably had an idiotic grin on my face as I walked through those immense corridors. A novice who didn&#8217;t even know the ABCs of power was arriving at the Bank of Italy convinced he was somebody important. With great courtesy, I was welcomed by the Director General, Salvatore Rossi.</p><p>Ah, Mr. Chairman, what a pleasure. To what do I owe this visit? Coffee?</p><p>Good morning, Director. No thank you, but if you happen to have a Coca Cola, I&#8217;d gladly take one.</p><p>Of course, I&#8217;ll have it brought right away.</p><p>You see, Director, as you may know, I&#8217;ve always had rather unconventional ideas regarding the issue of currency. Let&#8217;s say I was happier when you were still printing it yourselves&#8230;</p><p>Ah, dear Chairman, don&#8217;t get me started. Rossi replied with a smile, rolling his eyes upward. How can I help you?</p><p>The question is quite simple: if the euro were to break apart, do we have a plan ready to manage the situation?</p><p>He nearly dropped the cup from his hands. Rossi took a deep breath and then unfortunately &#8212;</p><p>**** OMITTED ****</p>
      <p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Se il Calo Demografico Non Fosse un Problema?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Il debito relativo per le nuove generazioni]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/se-il-calo-demografico-non-fosse</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/se-il-calo-demografico-non-fosse</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 10:47:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DKeq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DKeq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DKeq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DKeq!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DKeq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DKeq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DKeq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png" width="632" height="432.42105263157896" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:832,&quot;width&quot;:1216,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:632,&quot;bytes&quot;:264907,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/i/199240690?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DKeq!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DKeq!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DKeq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DKeq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef713b9-e774-4f9f-be62-786f3885c207_1216x832.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>La questione del calo demografico viene spesso vista come un caso da &#8220;fine del mondo&#8221;, ma se in realt&#224; fosse una questione analoga a quella del debito pubblico? Se i due grandi spauracchi dell&#8217;ultimo secolo in realt&#224; non esistessero? Se debito crescente e calo demografico fossero solo due facce della stessa medaglia dipinte come enormi problemi solo per guidare il gregge verso una soluzione che fa comodo a qualcuno senza essere necessariamente quello che ci viene dipinto?     </p><p>Iniziamo dal debito pubblico, definito spesso come &#8220;il fardello per le nuove generazioni&#8221; (e gi&#224; da questo si pu&#242; capire come le due questioni siano interconnesse). Come ho spiegato tante volte, il debito pubblico diventa un problema solo se non &#232; espresso nella moneta che uno stato controlla: l&#8217;Argentina si indebitava in dollari e quindi doveva restituire dollari, ma se non aveva dollari poteva solo vendere la propria moneta per comprarne sul mercato, deprezzando cos&#236; il valore della propria moneta creando inflazione (perch&#233; i prodotti di importazione costano di pi&#249;), senza per&#242; avere prodotti di manifattura che beneficino della svalutazione. Risultato? Default periodico. Poi c&#8217;&#232; il caso della Grecia: il debito &#232; nella tua moneta, ma se la tua Banca Centrale non compra i tuoi titoli chi mai vorrebbe un titolo di debito non garantito da nulla? Risultato: default.</p><p>Se invece uno Stato controlla la propria Banca Centrale, perch&#233; mai il debito dovrebbe essere un problema? Non potr&#224; mai capitare che lo stato rimanga senza soldi per ripagare il debito per il semplice motivo che li pu&#242; &#8220;stampare&#8221; anche se adesso non si usa pi&#249; e &#8220;basta un clic&#8221;. Oltretutto abbiamo visto negli anni del quantitative easing (ovvero degli acquisti massicci di debito da parte delle banche centrali) che questa operazione non crea inflazione per il motivo semplice che non crea ricchezza. Lo Stato semplicemente sostituisce un&#8217;attivit&#224; che paga interessi con una di pari valore priva di cedole. Negli anni in cui le banche centrali &#8220;stampavano&#8221; migliaia di miliardi per ricomprare titoli di debito buona parte del mondo era in deflazione. Una volta che il debito viene ricomprato dallo Stato, esso pu&#242; tranquillamente essere cancellato senza nessuna conseguenza visibile. Se la Bank of Japan cancellasse domani tutto il debito pubblico che detiene senza annunciarlo pubblicamente, nessuno se ne accorgerebbe. Lo stato semplicemente netterebbe una posizione che lo vede creditore con la mano destra (la Banca Centrale) e debitore con la mano sinistra (il Tesoro) senza il bench&#233; minimo impatto sull&#8217;economia reale.</p><p>Quindi il debito in valuta propria <strong>non </strong>&#232; un problema a meno che non si sia uno Stato dell&#8217;Unione Europea, dove devi dipendere dagli umori del Draghi o della Lagarde di turno.</p><p>Il debito non &#232; un problema e l&#8217;austerit&#224; per risolvere il non problema &#232; una non soluzione (l&#8217;austerit&#224; fa aumentare il rapporto debito/pil, come abbiamo visto con Monti) che evidentemente fa comodo a qualcuno.</p><p>Se il debito non &#232; un problema, allora non &#232; nemmeno un fardello per le nuove generazioni.</p><p>Adesso veniamo alla denatalit&#224;: il luogocomunismo prevede che sia un problema e se &#8220;continuer&#224; cos&#236;&#8221; non ci saranno pi&#249; lavoratori e, senza lavoratori, chi pagher&#224; le pensioni ai molti anziani?</p><p>Suona bene ma... Pensiamoci un attimo...</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Missione Segreta: Mettere in Sicurezza l’Oro]]></title><description><![CDATA[Anno 2018, Ufficio del Presidente della Commissione Bilancio. Illusione di potere]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/missione-segreta-mettere-in-sicurezza</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/missione-segreta-mettere-in-sicurezza</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 27 May 2026 15:09:34 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dto!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dto!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dto!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dto!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dto!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dto!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dto!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg" width="1044" height="440" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:440,&quot;width&quot;:1044,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:36382,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/i/199091777?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dto!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dto!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dto!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dto!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7ab6b45-453d-42a4-8234-e7402627bf33_1044x440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>La V Commissione Bilancio Camera &#232; uno degli snodi nevralgici del Parlamento. Tutto passa di l&#236; perch&#233; ogni proposta di legge deve avere il parere positivo della Commissione Bilancio. Io ne ero diventato presidente appena arrivato in Parlamento, una pazzia possibile solo grazie all&#8217;irripetibile stranezza della XVIII legislatura iniziata con il governo Lega &#8211; M5S. Il prestigio del ruolo si rifletteva nella bellezza dell&#8217;ufficio: posizione d&#8217;angolo nel palazzo di Montecitorio, scrivania tra le immense finestre che facevano entrare una luce abbagliante, tavolo per riunioni, salottino per gli incontri istituzionali, quadri antichi alle pareti e l&#8217;incredibile privilegio del bagno privato, unico ufficio a disporne.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Prima cosa: via i quadri antichi e cercare quadri di arte moderna. Trovai un capolavoro di Gianni Dova nell&#8217;ufficio di Carla Ruocco, storica dirigente del M5S diventata presidente della Commissione Finanze, e lo scambiai subito con una delle vedute che avevo nel mio ufficio millantando che fosse un panorama di Napoli. Trovai nell&#8217;elenco dei quadri della Collezione della Farnesina una grande opera di Carlo Benvenuto, il mio artista contemporaneo preferito, e la feci trasferire da me. Ero a posto. Staff assunto: alla segreteria la mia assistente che avevo in Regione Toscana, segreteria junior, una promettente neolaureata segnalata dai professori del mio vecchio corso di laurea in Cattolica, Dottor Barbieri come esperto legislativo, reclutato dalla community.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Adesso si poteva iniziare davvero.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Da dove si inizia? Ma dalla Banca d&#8217;Italia ovviamente.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Da bravo pivello non avevo capito nulla. Non sapevo come muovermi, non sapevo galateo, etichetta e soprattutto non avevo ancora capito che il Parlamentare di prima nomina, ancorch&#233; presidente della V Bilancio, non conta niente. Ma non sapendolo me ne fregai e dissi alla mia assistente di avvisare la Banca d&#8217;Italia dicendo che sarei andato a parlare con loro. Appuntamento fissato. Si va.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ebbene s&#236;, il Presidente di commissione ha lauto bl&#249; e a bordo di una passabile Passat arrivai nel cortile di Via Nazionale 91, dove una perplessa addetta al cerimoniale attese che scendessi dalla macchina come un Capo di Stato in visita e mi invit&#242; a seguirla tra le meravigliose stanze di Palazzo Koch. Probabilmente avevo un sorriso da babbeo mentre camminavo tra i corridoi immensi. Un pivello che nemmeno sapeva l&#8217;ABC del potere arrivava in Banca d&#8217;Italia convinto di essere chiss&#224; chi. Con molta cortesia mi accolse il Direttore Generale, Salvatore Rossi.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ah Presidente, che piacere, a cosa devo questa visita. Caff&#232;?</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Buongiorno Direttore, no grazie, per&#242; se avesse una Coca Cola la prenderei volentieri.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ma certo, gliela faccio arrivare subito.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Vede Direttore, io come forse sa, ho sempre avuto delle idee piuttosto controcorrente sulla questione della moneta, diciamo che ero pi&#249; contento quando ancora la stampavate voi&#8230;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Eh caro Presidente, non mi faccia parlare - Rossi sorrise buttando gli occhi al cielo - Come posso esserle d&#8217;aiuto?</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La domanda &#232; abbastanza semplice: qualora ci fosse una rottura dell&#8217;euro, abbiamo un piano pronto per gestire la situazione?</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ci manc&#242; poco che gli scappasse la tazzina dalle mani. Rossi prese un bel respiro e purtroppo.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">**** OMISSIS **** </p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Benvenuti nel Mio e Vostro Substack ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ai miei nuovi abbonati]]></description><link>https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/benvenuti-nel-mio-e-vostro-substack</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/p/benvenuti-nel-mio-e-vostro-substack</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 27 May 2026 09:36:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vC_e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vC_e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vC_e!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vC_e!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vC_e!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vC_e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vC_e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg" width="700" height="229.44444444444446" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:472,&quot;width&quot;:1440,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:700,&quot;bytes&quot;:163406,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/i/199252853?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vC_e!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vC_e!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vC_e!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vC_e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20749ad-acae-4acd-aa21-5f677c413e64_1440x472.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Uno spazio protetto dove condividere idee un po&#8217; pi&#249; approfondite dei normali post di X quando ce ne sar&#224; bisogno.</p><p>Gli articoli saranno a pagamento per eliminare i troll e rendere questo spazio un metodo di finanziamento complementare al Fin Day.</p><p>L&#8217;intento sar&#224; sempre lo stesso: far capire a tutti il peso della community e dimostrare che dietro le nostre idee non ci sono bot ma persone in carne e ossa che vogliono essere ascoltate.</p><p>L&#8217;obiettivo &#232; sempre il solito: costruire finalmente le condizioni per essere liberi sapendo per&#242; gi&#224; da ora che non sar&#224; mai finita e che ogni giorno dovremo #combattere.</p><p>Grazie a tutti e state con me.</p><p>Se voi ci siete io ci sono.</p><p>Il vento &#232; sempre favorevole per chi sa dove vuole andare. (Seneca)</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://claudioborghiaquilini.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>